Adolf Hitler 1925

Adolf Hitler (German) 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP). He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as Führer in 1934.^[a] During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely 

involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust.

Hitler was born in Austria—then part of Austria-Hungary—and was raised near Linz. He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I. In 1919, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the NSDAP, and was appointed leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted to seize power in a failed coup in Munich and was imprisoned. In jail, he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-semitism and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. He frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as part of a Jewish conspiracy.

Russian lawmakers submit draft law banning same-sex marriage

The marriage ban and restrictions on adoption will also extend to transgender people.

Russian Parliament has begun the process of legalising a ban on same-sex marriage. The Russian lawmakers submitted a draft legislation on July 14, 2020 that seeks to ban same-sex marriage.

The move follows the Russian Referendum 2020 on July 1st when the voters overwhelmingly supported the proposed changes to the constitution, one among which defines marriage as a union of a man and a woman only.

The new constitutional changes were proposed by the Vladimir Putin-led Russian Government. The new amendments also pave the way for Putin to possibly remain in power for another 16 years till 2036.

UPPSC Syllabus 2020: Download PCS Exam Pattern & Syllabus; Get PDF Now

UPPSC Syllabus 2020: Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission has released the UPPSC PCS 2020 Notification for the recruitment of Group A and Group B officers in UP Civil Services. As per the notification, the UPPSC Combined State/Upper Subordinate Services Prelims exam will now be held in October 2020. Candidates who are interested for the UPPSC Recruitment 2020 need to appear for the Prelims and Mains examinations and qualify them to get into the merit list. Here in this article, we have shared the UPPSC PCS Syllabus and Exam Pattern in detail for both Prelims and Mains exams. Also, the syllabus is shared below in PDF download format in English and Hindi Languages.

The UPPSC Exam Calendar 2020-21 states that the UPPSC PCS Prelims exam will be held on 11 October 2020 and the UPPSC PCS Mains 2020 exam will be held on 22 January 2021. Both the exams are conducted in written mode. In prelims exam, questions are asked in objective multiple choice format and in the Mains exam, questions are asked in descriptive format. There is negative marking in the Prelims exam of one-third marks. The exam pattern and structure of the exams are modified by the Uttar Pradesh Commission from time to time. The latest exam pattern is provided below along with the detailed syllabus.

ICC World Cup 1983: Know how India became world Champion

Till now 12 ICC Cricket World Cup tournaments have been held. Australia is the most successful country won 5 World Cups. After this, India and West Indies are the only two countries that have won 2 ICC World Cup each.

India won the first ICC Cricket World Cup 37 years ago on 25 June 1983, defeating the West Indies in the final. This was also the first appearance by an Asian nation in a World Cup final.

Let us know in this article which Indian players were

What will happen if the COVID Vaccine works?

What will happen if the COVID Vaccine works?

If the vaccine works, it is likely to be first administered to the most vulnerable people including the elderly and the healthcare workers. The UK government plans to allow technicians, nurses and pharmacists to give the vaccine. 

When will Oxford COVID Vaccine be fully ready?

When will Oxford COVID Vaccine be fully ready?

David Carpenter, Chairman of Berkshire Research Ethics Committee, which approved the Oxford vaccine trial, said that the Oxford vaccine team is absolutely on track. Though he stressed that nobody can put final dates on it, as things might go wrong, he added that by working with a big pharma company, the vaccine could be fairly widely available around September. This is the sort of target that the team is working on, he informed. 

Oxford Vaccine could offer double protection against COVID-19 

Oxford vaccine: In a major breakthrough, the UK COVID-19 trials have shown that the Oxford vaccine could offer 'double protection' against COVID-19. The researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom discovered during human trials that their vaccine could trigger an immune response that will provide a double defence against Coronavirus. 

Oxford COVID vaccine is way ahead of the competition with Phase III or the final stage of human trials underway. The trials, which involve thousands of people from the UK, Brazil and South Africa, are expected to get completed by September. 

1995 7,000 Bosnian Muslim men are massacred when Bosnian Serbs overrun the UN 'safe haven' of Srebrenica

1995  7,000 Bosnian Muslim men are massacred when Bosnian Serbs overrun the UN 'safe haven' of Srebrenica

Muslim) boys and men, perpetrated by Bosnian Serb forces in Srebrenica, a town in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in July 1995. In addition to the killings, more than 20,000 civilians were expelled from the area—a process known as ethnic cleansing. The massacre, which was the worst episode of mass murder within Europe since World War II, helped galvanize the West to press for a cease-fire that ended three years of warfare on Bosnia’s territory (see Bosnian conflict). However, it left deep emotional scars on survivors and created enduring obstacles to political reconciliation among Bosnia’s ethnic groups. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia—established before the massacre to scrutinize ongoing military conduct—concluded that the killings at Srebrenica, compounded by the mass expulsion of Bosniak civilians, amounted to genocide. It pinned principal responsibility on senior officers in the Bosnian Serb army. But the United Nations (UN) and its Western supporters also accepted a portion of the blame for having failed to protect the Bosniak men, women, and children in Srebrenica, which in 1993 the UN Security Council had formally designated a “safe area.” In a critical internal review in 1999, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan wrote, “Through error, misjudgment and an inability to recognize the scope of the evil confronting us, we failed to do our part to help save the people of Srebrenica from the [Bosnian] Serb campaign of mass murder.” Although Serbia was not legally implicated in the massacre, in 2010 the Serbian National Assembly narrowly passed a resolution that apologized for having failed to prevent the killings.

1944 Franklin Roosevelt announces that he will run for a fourth term as President of the United States

1944  Franklin Roosevelt announces that he will run for a fourth term as President of the United States

“There are only three certainties in this world,” as the saying used to go, “death, taxes, and Roosevelt.” On July 11, 1944, Franklin Delano Roosevelt further solidified this idiom by becoming the first — and only — U.S. president to announce he would seek a fourth term in office.

In the midst of World War II, Roosevelt decided the country would be best be served with consistency in the executive branch. Unlike in 1940 when he did not openly campaign for re-election, and allowed himself to be drafted at the Democratic Convention, the President declared that he would seek an unprecedented fourth term in the 1944 election.

First woman graduates from a New Zealand university 11 July 1877

First woman graduates from a New Zealand university

11 July 1877

Kate Edger (Nelson College for Girls)

Kate Edger became the first woman in New Zealand to gain a university degree and the first woman in the British Empire to earn a Bachelor of Arts (BA). in 1882 she became the first principal of Nelson College for Girls.

Other pioneering New Zealand woman graduates soon followed. Helen Connon, Canterbury College’s first female student, graduated with a BA in 1880 and became the first woman in the Empire to gain an honours degree in 1881. New Zealand’s first woman lawyer, Ethel Benjamin, graduated from the University of Otago’s law school in 1898.

Stella Henderson achieved unusual academic distinction for a 19th-century woman, gaining a BA with a special focus on political science, a Masters of Arts (MA) with first-class honours in English and Latin, and completing the requirements for a Bachelor of Laws during the 1890s.

Elizabeth Gregory graduated Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in biochemistry at University College, London, in 1932. She received an honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) in 1967 – the first New Zealand woman graduate to be so honoured.

1818 English poet John Keats writes "In the Cottage Where Burns is Born", "Lines Written in the Highlands", and "Gadfly"

1818  English poet John Keats writes "In the Cottage Where Burns is Born", "Lines Written in the Highlands", and "Gadfly"

1818-07-11  On this day.... 

 English poet John Keats writes "In the Cottage Where Burns is Born", "Lines Written in the Highlands", and "Gadfly" Quotes by John Keats "Poetry should please by a fine excess and not by singularity. It should strike the reader as a wording of his own highest thoughts, and appear almost as a remembrance."

John Keats, (born October 31, 1795, London, England—died February 23, 1821, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), English Romantic lyric poet who devoted his short life to the perfection of a poetry marked by vivid imagery, great sensuous appeal, and an attempt to express a philosophy through classical legend. The son of a livery-stable manager, John Keats received relatively little formal education. His father died in 1804, and his mother remarried almost immediately. Throughout his life Keats had close emotional ties to his sister, Fanny, and his two brothers, George and Tom. After the breakup of their mother’s second marriage, the Keats children lived with their widowed grandmother at Edmonton, Middlesex. John attended a school at Enfield, two miles away, that was run by John Clarke, whose son Charles Cowden Clarke did much to encourage Keats’s literary aspirations. At school Keats was noted as a pugnacious lad and was decidedly “not literary,” but in 1809 he began to read voraciously. After the death of the Keats children’s mother in 1810, their grandmother put the children’s affairs into the hands of a guardian, Richard Abbey. At Abbey’s instigation John Keats was apprenticed to a surgeon at Edmonton in 1811. He broke off his apprenticeship in 1814 and went to live in London, where he worked as a dresser, or junior house surgeon, at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ hospitals. His literary interests had crystallized by this time, and after 1817 he devoted himself entirely to poetry. From then until his early death, the story of his life is largely the story of the poetry he wrote.

1533 Pope Clement VII excommunicates England's King Henry VIII

1533  Pope Clement VII excommunicates England's King Henry VIII

The artifact presented here is a document signed prior to Clement VII’s pontificate. It is an untranslated letter and signed as  Cardinal de’Medici  in 1520.

King Henry VIII broke off relations with Pope Clement VII when he wouldn’t give Henry permission to marry Ann Boleyn. This resulted in his excommunication that same year. The combination of these events changed the face of history.

(It is not connected to the excommunication of King Henry VIII, the story of which we are featuring today.)

1405 Chinese fleet commander Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time

1405  Chinese fleet commander Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time

Zheng He, Wade-Giles romanization Cheng Ho, original name Ma Sanbao, later Ma He, (born c. 1371, Kunyang, near Kunming, Yunnan province, China—died 1433, Calicut [now Kozhikode], India), admiral and diplomat who helped extend the maritime and commercial influence of China throughout the regions bordering the Indian Ocean. He commanded seven naval expeditions almost a century before the Portuguese reached India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa. 

Background And Early Years

Zheng He was from a Hui (Chinese Muslim) family. His father was a hajji, a Muslim who had made the hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca. His family claimed descent from an early Mongol governor of Yunnan province in southwestern China as well as from King Muḥammad of Bukhara (now in Uzbekistan). The family name Ma was derived from the Chinese rendition of Muḥammad. 

Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages to the “West Oceans

Eighty years before Vasco da Gama’s arrival in West India, a formidable Chinese navy ruled the China Sea and Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to the Persian Gulf and East Africa. Between the period from 1405 to 1433, China’s Ming dynasty launched seven voyages led by Admiral Zheng He to explore these vast regions, known then to the Chinese as the “West Oceans.” One such voyage typically featured over 300 vessels, including a number of “treasure ships” over 400 feet long, accompanied by a legion of supply ships, water tankers, warships with canons, and multioared patrol boats; the total personnel on the fleet numbered over 28,000.1 As has been pointed out, “It was a unique armada in the history of China— and the world—not to be

Top 5 International Universities offering Free Online Courses

Top Universities around the world are offering free online courses for the learner to enable them engage in continuous learning process. Find out some of the best courses that you might want to learn to enhance your skills. Utilise the time at home to pursue your passion as these top Universities offer free courses for the aspirants. Know complete details about the Universities and popular courses being offered by them:-

Palestine

Palestine

Palestine, area of the eastern Mediterranean region, comprising parts of modern Israel and the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip (along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea) and the West Bank (the area west of the Jordan River).

The term Palestine has been associated variously and sometimes controversially with this small region, which some have asserted also includes Jordan. Both the geographic area designated by the name and the political status of it have changed over the course of some three millennia. The region (or at least a part of it) is also known as the Holy Land and is held sacred among Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Since the 20th century it has been the object of conflicting claims of Jewish and Arab national movements, and the conflict has led to prolonged violence and, in several instances, open warfare.

Alice Paul: Feminist, Suffragist, and Political Strategist

Alice Paul

Alice Paul: Feminist, Suffragist, and Political Strategist

Alice Paul, (born January 11, 1885, Mount Laurel, New Jersey, U.S.—died July 9, 1977, Moorestown, New Jersey), American women’s suffrage leader who first proposed an equal rights amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Paul was reared in a Quaker home. She graduated from Swarthmore College (1905) and pursued postgraduate studies at the New York School of Social Work. She then went to England to do settlement work (1906–09), and during her stay there she was jailed three times for suffragist agitation. She also continued to do postgraduate work at the Universities of Birmingham and London and received degrees from the University of Pennsylvania (M.A., 1907, in absentia; Ph.D., 1912). Returning to the United States, she advocated the use of militant tactics to publicize the need for a federal women’s suffrage amendment to the U.S.

2012 The American Episcopal Church becomes the first to approve a rite for blessing gay marriages

2012  The American Episcopal Church becomes the first to approve a rite for blessing gay marriages

The Episcopal Church on Tuesday approved an official liturgy for blessing same-sex unions, enabling priests who have the approval of their bishops to bestow the church’s blessing on gay couples whether they live in a state where same-sex marriage is legal or not.

The adoption of an official rite, significant in a church in which liturgy is central, further solidifies the Episcopal Church’s shift to the left on sexual minorities. A day earlier, the church voted to approve a nondiscrimination policy that will allow transgendered people to be ordained to the priesthood.

Episcopal Church to Offer a New Blessing for Gay Marriage

The Episcopal Church has approved a new liturgy that allows priests and bishops to provide official blessings for same-sex marriages. The new rites were proposed and approved at the Church's General Convention this week and could go into effect by the end of the year. Some local dioceses have allowed their priests to officiate at or bless same sex marriages in states where they are legal, but the new proposal offers official guidelines for Church members to follow.

To be clear, the new blessing does not mean that gay couples can be officially married within the Church, though several bishops voted against the measure because of concerns that it would be interpreted as such. It also includes an amendment stating that officials who object to or refuse to administer the rites cannot be punished or coerced into doing so. However, the move is still being hailed as a major step forward for gay rights and a move for inclusion in a church that (like many denominations in America) has seen a big decline in attendance and membership. The House of Bishops also approved an anti-discrimination measure that would allow transgendered people to become Church ministers or lay leaders.

The U.S. Episcopal Church is already the largest Christian denomination to ordain gay priests and bishops and was among the first to promote the ordination of women as bishops. The promotion of its first gay man to bishop in 2003 caused a rift within the larger worldwide Anglican Church, which has led several congregations to "breakaway" from other Episcopalians in the United States.

First inauguration of Boris Yeltsin

The First Inauguration of Boris Yeltsin as the first President of Russia took place on Wednesday, 10 July 1991. The ceremony was held at the State Kremlin Palace and it lasted about thirty minutes.

The first in the history of Russia presidential inauguration ceremony.In 1991, President of Russia, as well as in the United States, elected together with the Vice President. However, in contrast to the American tradition, Vice President Alexander Rutskoy did not bring an oath, but was present at the ceremony as a guest.

Ceremony

Boris Yeltsin was invited to the podium to take the oath. Yeltsin took the oath of keeping the right hand on your heart, at the same time, the Constitution of Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union, as well as the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia lay in front of him. After taking the oath musicians begin to play the Russian anthem.

After completion of the national anthem, Boris Yeltsin went to the desk behind which sat Ruslan Khasbulatov. Sitting at the table Yeltsin and Khasbulatov listened to a speech of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II. After the speech of the Patriarch, Boris Yeltsin delivered his first speech as President of Russia, and then made a congratulatory speech, President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev.^[1][2]

The Oath[edit]

Unlike subsequent inaugural ceremonies on this Boris Yeltsin read out another oath.

I swear in exercising the powers of President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to observe the Constitution and laws of the RSFSR, to protect its sovereignty, respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the right of peoples of the RSFSR and conscientiously fulfill the duties entrusted to me by the people.

 

The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior

The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, codenamed Opération Satanique,^[1] was a bombing operation by the "action" branch of the French foreign intelligence services, the Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE), carried out on 10 July 1985. During the operation, two operatives, Alain Mafart and Dominique Prieur, sank the flagship of the Greenpeace fleet, the Rainbow Warrior, at the Port of Auckland in New Zealand on its way to a protest against a planned French nuclear test in Moruroa. Fernando Pereira, a photographer, drowned on the sinking ship.

France initially denied responsibility, but two French agents were captured by New Zealand Police and charged with arson, conspiracy to commit arson, willful damage, and murder. As the truth came out, the scandal resulted in the resignation of the French Defence Minister Charles Hernu. The two agents pleaded guilty to manslaughter and were sentenced to ten years in prison. They spent a little over two years confined to the French island of Hao before being freed by the French government

1940 Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel

1940  Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel

Battle of Britain, during World War II, the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force (Luftwaffe) from July through September 1940, after the fall of France. Victory for the Luftwaffe in the air battle would have exposed Great Britain to invasion by the German army, which was then in control of the ports of France only a few miles away across the English Channel. In the event, the battle was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command, whose victory not only blocked the possibility of invasion but also created the conditions for Great Britain’s survival, for the extension of the war, and for the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.

Shortly after the withdrawal of British forces from the European continent in the Dunkirk evacuation (late May–early June 1940), Germany’s armoured forces completed their blitzkrieg invasion of France. The French government collapsed on June 16 and was replaced by a regime that immediately sued for peace. This left the British suddenly alone in their “island home” as the last bastion against “the menace of tyranny,” in the words of their prime minister, Winston Churchill. Speaking before Parliament on June 18, Churchill announced: