URDU SUBJECT NOTES FOR CLASS NINETH (9TH CLASS) FOR EXAMS AND JOBS (ACCORDING TO GOVT SYLLABUS)

 URDU SUBJECT  NOTES FOR CLASS NINETH  (9TH CLASS) FOR EXAMS AND JOBS (ACCORDING TO GOVT SYLLABUS)

Biology

 Biology is a branch of natural sciences which deals with the study of living beings. It provides the knowledge about living organisms which differ from each other in shape, size, composition etc. The word biology comes from Greek language “Bios” meaning “live” and “Logos” meaning “thought or reasoning”. Thus biology meaning study of life

U.S. Territory of New Orleans (1804–1812)

 

U.S. Territory of New Orleans (1804–1812)

The demand for slaves increased in Louisiana and other parts of the Deep South after the invention of the cotton gin (1793) and the Louisiana Purchase (1803). The cotton gin allowed the processing of short-staple cotton, which thrived in the upland areas. It made possible a new commodity crop in northern Louisiana, although sugar cane continued to be predominant in southern Louisiana. The Mississippi River Delta area in southeast Louisiana created the ideal alluvial soil necessary for the growing of sugar cane; sugar was the state's prime export during the antebellum period.

The United States banned the importation of slaves in 1807–08. A brisk domestic slave trade developed; many thousands of black slaves were sold by slaveholders in the Upper South to buyers in the Deep South, in what amounted to a significant forced migration.

Early in 1811, while Louisiana was yet the U.S. Territory of Orleans, the largest slave revolt in American history began about thirty miles outside of New Orleans (or a greater distance if traveled alongside the twisting Mississippi River), as slaves rebelled against the brutal work regimens of sugar plantations. There had been a sizable influx of refugee French planters from the former French colony of Saint-Domingue following the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), who brought their slaves of African descent with them. This influence was likely a contributing factor in the revolt. The German Coast Uprising ended with white militias and soldiers hunting down black slaves, peremptory tribunals or trials in three parishes (St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, and Orleans), execution of many of the rebels, and the public display of their severed heads.

French rule (1699–1763)

 

French rule (1699–1763)

Chattel slavery was introduced by French colonists in Louisiana in 1706, when they made raids on the Chitimacha settlements. Thousands of indigenous people were killed, and the surviving women and children were taken as slaves. The enslavement of natives, including the Atakapa, Bayogoula, Natchez, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Taensa, and Alabamon peoples, would continue throughout the history of French rule.^{[citation needed]} While Native American peoples had sometimes made slaves of enemies captured in war, they also tended to adopt them into their tribes and incorporate them among their people.

The French introduced African chattel slaves to the territory in 1710, after capturing a number as plunder during the War of the Spanish Succession. Trying to develop the new territory, the French transported more than 2,000 Africans to New Orleans between 1717–1721, on at least eight ships. The death toll for African and native slaves was high, with scurvy and dysentery widespread because of poor nutrition and sanitation. Although sailors also suffered from scurvy, enslaved Africans were subject to more shipboard diseases owing to overcrowding

06 JUNE 1523 Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, marking the end of the Kalmar Union

 06 JUNE  1523  Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, marking the end of the Kalmar Union

There are mainly two significant events that has led to Sweden celebrating their nationaldag on the 6th of June: 1523 – Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, marking the end of the Kalmar Union. This was in the days when Christian II of Denmark was union leader for the Kalmar union (Sweden, Norway, Denmark)