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Thursday, July 10, 2014
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
Tuesday, July 8, 2014
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA
Saudi Arabia[b] (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/), officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA),[c] is the largest Arab state in Western Asia by land area (approximately 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Arab worldafter Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen in the south. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast.
Before the inception of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, modern-day Saudi Arabia consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Hasa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir).[12] The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdulaziz bin Abd al-Rahman Al Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932. Ibn Saud united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 when he capturedRiyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud (referred to in Arabic as Al Saud). The country has been an absolute monarchy since its inception. It describes itself as being Islamic and is highly influenced byWahhabism.[13] Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
There are 21 million Saudi citizens and 5 million foreigners living in Saudi Arabia.[5] Most Saudis are Sunni Muslims. 22.9% of Saudis are Wahhabis,[14]most Saudis in Najd are Wahhabis.[14] With the world's second largest oil reserves and the world's sixth largest natural gas reserves, the Kingdom is categorized as a high income economy with 19th highest GDP in the world.[15][16] Being the world's largest oil exporter is the basis for its position as one of the 20 most powerful countries according to the National Power Index, it also ranked as a regional power and maintains regional hegemony in theArabian Peninsula. It is a member of Gulf Cooperation Council, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, G-20 major economies and OPEC.[17] Its economy is largely backed by its oil industry, which accounts for more than 95% of exports and 70% of government revenue, although the share of the non-oil economy has been growing recently. This revenue has facilitated the transformation of the underdeveloped desert kingdom into one of the world's wealthiest nations, as reflected in such developments as the creation of a welfare state.[18]
Indus Valley ( SINDH ) Desert
Location and description[edit]
The Indus Valley desert covers an area of 19,501 square kilometers (7,529 sq mi) in northwestern Punjab Province between the Chenab and Indus rivers. The Indus Valley Desert is drier and less hospitable than the Northwestern thorn scrub foreststhat surround it with temperatures ranging from freezing in winter to extremely hot (more than 45°) in summer with only 600-800mm of rainfall per year.[1]
Indus Valley Civilization, SINDH
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) SINDH was a Bronze Agecivilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistanand northwest India (see map).[1] Along with Ancient Egypt andMesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, and of the three the most widespread.[2] It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia, and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once coursed through northwest India and eastern Pakistan.[3]
At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a population of over five million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin). The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings.[4]
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.[5] The discovery of Harappa, and soon afterwards, Mohenjo-Daro, was the culmination of work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj.[6] Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999.[7] There were earlier and later cultures, often called Early Harappan and Late Harappan, in the same area of the Harappan Civilization. The Harappan civilization is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. By 1999, over 1,056 cities and settlements had been found, of which 96 have been excavated,[8] mainly in the general region of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra Rivers and their tributaries. Among the settlements were the major urban centres of Harappa, Mohenjo-daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Dholavira,Ganeriwala in Cholistan and Rakhigarhi.[9]
The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus script is still undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favored by a section of scholars,[10][page needed][11]while others suggest an Austroasiatic language related
Monday, July 7, 2014
6 Things Happy People Never Do
6 Things Happy People Never Do
Happiness is not something you postpone for the future;
it is something you design into the present.
Happy people do a lot of things. They spend time expressing gratitude, cultivating optimism, practicing kindness, nurturing loving relationships, committing to meaningful goals, savoring life’s little pleasures, and so on and so forth.
But they NEVER…
1. Mind other people’s business.
Forget about what others are doing. Stop looking at where they are and what they have. Nobody is doing better than you because nobody can do better than you. YOU are walking your own path.
10 Little Habits that Steal Your Happiness
10 Little Habits that Steal Your Happiness
You ultimately become what you repeatedly do. If your habits aren’t helping you, they’re hurting you. Here are a few examples of the latter that will steal your happiness if you let them:
1. Focusing on everyone’s story except your own.
Don’t be so satisfied with the success stories of others and how things have gone for them that you forget to write your own. Unfold your own tale and bring it to life. You have everything you need to become
Friday, July 4, 2014
JST OFFER ORDERS
JST OFFER ORDERS DISTRICT GHOTKI HAVE BEEN UPLOADED ON EDUCATION SINDH WEBSITE. CHECK UR ORDERS. HURRY UP. ABOUT 85 ORDERS
Thursday, July 3, 2014
Herbert James Draper
Herbert James Draper
Life
HAZRAT IMAM HUSSAIN IBN ALI ( Husayn ibn Ali )
Husayn ibn Ali
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Imam Hussain)
This article is about Husayn ibn Ali (626–680). For the modern political figure (1852–1931), see Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
Husayn ibn Ali حسين بن علي (Arabic) 3rd Imam of Twelver and 2nd Imam of Ismaili Shia |
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