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Sex Jihad’ Is The Duty Demanded Of Unmarried Girls,

Sex Jihad’ Is The Duty Demanded Of Unmarried Girls, According To ISIS

The group ISIS has been wreaking havoc across the Middle East recently, with no signs of stopping. Their latest demand is sure to send fury throughout the civilized world – “hand over your daughters for sex jihad, or else.”

IMAM HUSSAIN IBN ALI, MOVIE

SURAH AL-KAHF WITH URDU AND ENGLISH

100 HADITH'S OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAW)

4O HADITH'S OF MUHAMMAD (SAW)

NIKAH AND HAYA BY TARIQ JAMEEL

NIKAH AND NEW MUSLIM GENERATION BY MOALANA TARIQ JAMEEL

MUHAMMAD (SAW) , THE LAST PROPHET

Muhammad

  (Redirected from Muhammad (SAW))

This article is about the Islamic prophet. For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (name). For other uses, see Muhammad (disambiguation).

Islamic prophet Muhammad
Common calligraphic representation of Muhammad's name
Born	Muḥammad ibn `Abd Allāh c. 570 CE Mecca, Makkah, Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Died	8 June 632 CE (aged 62 or 63) Medina, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Resting place	Tomb under the Green Dome of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi at Medina, Hejaz, present-day Saudi Arabia
Other names	Abu al-Qasim (Kunya) Rasul ("Messenger") "The Prophet" (see Names and titles of Muhammad)
Ethnicity	Arab
Years active	583-609 CE as merchant 609-632 CE as religious leader
Employer	(as merchant:)  Abu Talib Khadija
Notable work(s)	Sunnah
Predecessor	(as prophet:)  Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus)
Successor	Abu Bakr (as Sunni Ummah leader) Ali (as Shia Imam) Mahdi (as "Redeemer of Islam")
Opponent(s)	Polytheists   (609–630 CE)
Religion	Islam
Spouse(s)	Wife Married Khadijah bint Khuwaylid 595–619 Sawda bint Zamʿa 619–632 Aisha bint Abi Bakr 619–632 Hafsa bint Umar 624–632 Zaynab bint Khuzayma 625–627 Hind bint Abi Umayya 629–632 Zaynab bint Jahsh 627–632 Juwayriya bint al-Harith 628–632 Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan 628–632 Rayhana bint Zayd 629–631 Safiyya bint Huyayy 629–632 Maymuna bint al-Harith 630–632 Maria al-Qibtiyya 630–632
Children	Sons Qasim `Abd-Allah Ibrahim Daughters Zainab Ruqayyah Umm Kulthoom Fatimah Zahra
Parents	`Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Muttalib (father) Aminah (mother)
Relatives	Ahl al-Bayt  ("Family of the House")

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Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم‎; c.570 – c. 8 June 632),^[1] also transliterated as Muhammad (محمد), was a man from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity underIslam. Believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a messenger and prophetof God, Muhammad is almost universally^{[n 1]} considered by Muslims as the last prophet sent by God to mankind.^{[2][n 2]} While non-Muslims regard Muhammad as the founder of Islam,^[3] Muslims consider him to have restored the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Noah,Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.^[4][5][6][7]

Born in about 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca,^[8][9] Muhammad was orphaned at an early age; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib. After his childhood Muhammad primarily worked as a merchant.^[10] Occasionally he would retreat to a cave in the mountains for several nights of seclusion and prayer; later, at age 40, he reported at this spot,^[8][11] that he was visited by Gabriel and received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad startedpreaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn)^{[n 3]}acceptable to God, and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.^[12][13][14]

Muhammad gained few followers early on, and met hostility from some Meccan tribes. To escape persecution, Muhammad sent some of his followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers in Mecca migrated toMedina (then known as Yathrib) in the year 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under theConstitution of Medina. After eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts andmarched on the city of Mecca. The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad took over the city with little bloodshed. He destroyed the pagan idols in the city^[15] and sent his followers out to destroy all remaining pagan temples in Eastern Arabia.^[16][17] In 632, a few months after returning to Medina from The Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and died. Before his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula hadconverted to Islam, and he had united Arabia into a single Muslim religious polity.^[18][19]

The revelations (each known as Ayah, lit. "Sign [of God]") which Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of theQuran, regarded by Muslims as the "Word of God" and around which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (sunnah), found in the Hadith and sira literature, are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law. Muslims discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the phrase peace be upon him whenever their names are mentioned.^[20]While conceptions of Muhammad in medieval Christendom and otherpremodern contexts were largely negative, appraisals in modern historyhave been far more favorable.^[14][21]

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Names and appellations in the Quran
• 2 Sources for Muhammad's life
  • 2.1 Quran
  • 2.2 Early biographies
  • 2.3 Hadith
• 3 Pre-Islamic Arabia
• 4 Life
  • 4.1 In Mecca
    • 4.1.1 Childhood and early life
  • 4.2 Beginnings of the Quran
  • 4.3 Opposition
  • 4.4 Isra and Mi'raj
  • 4.5 Last years in Mecca before Hijra
  • 4.6 Hijra
    • 4.6.1 Migration to Medina
    • 4.6.2 Establishment of a new polity
    • 4.6.3 Beginning of armed conflict
    • 4.6.4 Conflict with Mecca
    • 4.6.5 Siege of Medina
    • 4.6.6 Truce of Hudaybiyyah
  • 4.7 Final years
    • 4.7.1 Conquest of Mecca
    • 4.7.2 Conquest of Arabia
    • 4.7.3 Farewell pilgrimage
    • 4.7.4 Death and tomb
  • 4.8 Post Muhammad
• 5 Early reforms under Islam
• 6 Appearance
• 7 Household
• 8 Legacy
  • 8.1 Muslim views
    • 8.1.1 Islamic depictions
  • 8.2 Non-Muslim views
    • 8.2.1 Historical Christian views
    • 8.2.2 Other religious views
  • 8.3 Criticism
• 9 See also
• 10 Notes
• 11 References
• 12 Bibliography
  • 12.1 Encyclopedias
• 13 Further reading
• 14 External links
  • 14.1 Other biographies

NOAH HOLLYWOOD MOVIE 2014

History of Islam

History of Islam

This article is about the history of Islam as a culture and polity. For the history of the Islamic faith, see Spread of Islam. For Islamic civilization, seeMuslim world. For military conquests, see Islamic conquests. For chronology, see Timeline of Islamic history.

This article is part of a series on:

Islam

Beliefs[show]

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Texts and laws[show]

History and leaders[show]

Denominations[show]

Culture and society[show]

Related topics[show]

The history of Islam concerns the Islamic religion and its adherents, known as Muslims. "Muslim" is an Arabicword meaning "one who submits to God". Muslims and their religion have greatly impacted the political, economic, and military history of the Old World, especially the Middle East, where lie its roots. Though it is believed by non-Muslims to have originated in Mecca and Medina, Muslims believe that the religion of Islam has been present since the time of the prophet Adam. The Islamic world expanded to include people of the Islamic civilization, inclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization.

A century after the death of last Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Islamic empire extended from Spain in the west toIndus in the east. The subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids,Ajuuraan, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the influential and distinguished powers in the world. The Islamic civilization gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced notable scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, nurses and philosophersduring the Golden Age of Islam. Technology flourished; there was investment in economic infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and canals; and the importance of reading the Qur'an produced a comparatively high level of literacy in the general populace.

In the later Middle Ages, destructive Mongol invasions from the East, and the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centre of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire was able to conquer most Arabic-speaking areas, creating an Islamic world power again, although one that was unable to master the challenges of the Early Modern period.

Later, in modern history (18th and 19th centuries), many Islamic regions fell under the influence of European Great powers. After the First World War, Ottoman territories (a Central Powers member) were partitioned into several nations under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres.

Although affected by ideologies such as socialism and secularism during much of the 20th century, the Islamic identity and the dominance of Islam on political issues intensified during the early 21st century. Global interests in Islamic regions, international conflicts and globalization changed the type of Islamic influence on the contemporary world.^[1] In the contemporary period, a set of ideologies holding interpretations of Islamic texts that advocate theunification of religion and state has spread, but the ideology has been criticized.

Main article: Historiography of early Islam

The Islamic state and Muslim's system of government evolved through various stages.^[2] The precise dates of various periods in history are more or less arbitrary. The City-state period lasted from 620s to 630s. The Imperial period lasted from 630s to 750s. The Universal period lasted from 750s to around 900s. These correspond to the early period of post-classical history. The "Decentralization" period lasted from around 900s to the early 1500s. This correspond to the high period and late period of post-classical history. The "Fragmentation" period lasted from around 1500s to the late 1910s. Thecontemporary period, referred to as the National period, lasted from 1910s into the twenty-first century.

Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details.

Further information: Timeline of Muslim history

See also: Disputed issues in early Islamic history

Islamic origins[edit]

Main articles: Quraysh (tribe), Banu Hashim, Muhammad, and Qu'ran

In pre-Islamic Arabia Arab people lived on the Arabian Plate. In the south of Hedjaz (principal religious and commercial centre of post-classical Arabia), the Arabic tribe of Quraysh (Adnani Arabs), to which Muhammad belonged, had been in existence. Near Mecca, the tribe was increasing in power. The Quraysh were the guardians of the Kaaba within the town of Mecca and was the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of Islam. The Kaaba, at the time, was used as an important pagan shrine. It brought revenues to Mecca because of the multitude of pilgrims that it attracted. Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim tribe of the Quraysh clan,^[3] a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe, descended from Khuzaimah and derived its inheritance from theKhuza'imah (House of Khuza'a).

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Nakkaş Osman, Istanbul (1595)
(Ed., note artists began representing the veil-covered face of Muhammad from the 16th century onwards)

According to the traditional Islamic view, the Qur'an (Koran) began with revelations to Muhammad (when he was 40 years old) in 610. The history of the Qur'an began when its verses were revealed to the Sahabah during Muhammad's life. The rise of Islam began around the time Muslims took flight in the Hijra, moving to Medina. With Islam, blood feudsamong the Arabs lessened. Compensation was paid in money rather than blood and only the culprit was executed.

In 628, the Makkah tribe of Quraish and the Muslim community in Medina signed a truce called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyabeginning a ten-year period of peace. War returned when the Quraish and their allies, the tribe of 'Bakr', attacked the tribe of 'Khuza'ah', who were Muslim allies. In 630, Muslims conquered Mecca. Muhammad died in June 632. The Battle of Yamama was fought in December of the same year, between the forces of the first caliph Abu Bakr and Musailima.

See also: Early scholars of Islam

City-states and Imperial period[edit]

Main articles: Succession to Muhammad and Caliphate

After Muhammad died, a series of Caliphs governed the Islamic State: Abu Bakr (632-634), Umar ibn al-Khattab (Umar І, 634-644), Uthman ibn Affan, (644-656), and Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661). These leaders are known as the "Rashidun" or "rightly guided" Caliphs in Sunni Islam. They oversaw the initial phase of the Muslim conquests, advancing throughPersia, Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa.

Umar improved the administration and built cities like Basra and canal and irrigation networks. To be close to the poor,Umar lived in a simple mud hut without doors and walked the streets every evening. After consulting with the poor, Umarestablished the first welfare state Bayt al-mal.^[4][5][6] The Bayt al-mal or the welfare state was for the Muslim and non-Muslim poor, needy, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled. The Bayt al-mal ran for hundreds of years under the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century and continued through the Umayyad period and well into the Abbasid era. Umar also introduced Child Benefit and Pensions for the children and the elderly.^{[7][8][9][10]} The expansion of the state, was partially terminated between 638–639 during the years of great famine and plague in Arabia and Levantrespectively. During Umars reign, within 10 years Levant, Egypt, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Fezzan, Eastern Anatolia, almost the whole of Sassanid Persian Empire including Bactria, Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Caucasus and Makran were incorporated into Islamic State. When Umar was assassinated in 644,the election of Uthman as successor was met with increasing opposition. The Qur'an was standardized during this time.

Local populations of Jews and indigenous Christians, persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, often aided Muslims to take over their lands from the Byzantines and Persians, resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests.^[11][12] As new areas joining the Islamic State, they also benefited from free trade, while trading with other areas in the Islamic State, so as to encourage commerce, in Islam trade is not taxed, wealth is taxed.^[13] The Muslims paid Zakat on their wealth to the poor. Since the Constitution of Medina, was drafted by the Islamic prophetMuhammad the Jews and the Christians continued to use their own laws in the Islamic State and had their own judges.^[14][15][16] Therefore they only paid for policing for the protection of their property. To assist in the quick expansion of the state, the Byzantine and the Persian tax collection systems were maintained and the people paid a poll tax lower than the one imposed under the Byzantines and the Persians.

In 639, Muawiyah I was appointed as the governor of Syria after the previous governor Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah died in a plague along with 25,000 other people.^[17][18] To stop the Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars, in 649 Muawiyah I set up a navy; manned by Monophysitise Christians, Copts and Jacobite Syrian Christians sailors and Muslim troops. This resulted in the defeat of the Byzantine navy at the Battle of the Masts in 655, opening up the Mediterranean.^{[19][20][21][22][23]}

When Umar was assassinated in 644, Uthman Ibn Affan became the next caliph. As it is well known that Arabic language is written without vowels, and when Qur'an reached the non-Arabic speakers, people began having different dielects and phonics which was changing the exact meaning of verses in the Qur'an. This was brought to the notice of Uthman Ibn Affan. Begun in the time of Uthman ibn Affan, the compilation of the Qur'an was finished sometime between 650 and 656, Uthman sent copies to the different centers of the expanding Islamic empire. From then on, thousands of Muslim scribes began copying the Qur'an.^[24]

The Qur'an and Muhammad talked about racial equality and justice as in the The Farewell Sermon.^{[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]} Tribal and nationalistic differences were discouraged. But after Muhammad's passing the old tribal differences between the Arabs started to resurface. Following the Roman–Persian Wars and the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars deep rooted differences between Iraq, formally under the Persian Sassanid Empire and Syria formally under the Byzantine Empire also existed. Each wanted the capital of the newly established Islamic State to be in their area.^[32] Previously, the second caliphUmar was very firm on the governors and his spies kept an eye on the governors. If he felt that a governor or a commander was becoming attracted to wealth or did not meet the required administrative standards, he had him removed from his position.^[33]