Horticulture
Research in Pakistan
HORTICULTURAL
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
- Vegetable Crops
- Fruit Crops
VEGETABLE
CROPS
OBJECTIVES
- Introduction and evaluation of germplasm of economically important fruit crops
- Standardization of vegetative propagation techniques in commercially important fruit crops
- Standardize package of production technology of important fruit crops
- Standardize effective control methods of major fruit insect pest and diseases
- Develop measures to reduce post-harvest losses in major fruit crops
- Manpower development
RECENT
ACHIEVEMENTS
NARC,
ISLAMABAD
Varietal
Evaluation
Chilli
Out
of twenty four, eight lines PBC-091, M. 1-2, PP 9656-15, PBC-390, PP 9656-06,
PBC-386, PBC-161 and PBC-369 were found high yielding with 456, 409, 375, 330,
314, 310, 293, and 291g fruit weight per plant, respectively. However, based
upon the marketable attributes of green fruit, PP 9656-06, PBC-386, PBC-534, PP
9656-15, PBC-581, M 1-2 and PBC-386 were selected for further evaluation.
Tomato
Twenty
three varieties/lines were evaluated. CLN-657-B-GF2, Avinash-2, CL-5915-206
D4-2-5-0 and CLN-657 BG2 -274-0-0-1-5-0 gave good performance with 2.3, 2.2,
2.1 and 1.8g fruit weight/plant, respectively.
Onion
Eight
varieties were evaluated for bulb size and yield. Results revealed that .Top
Keeper (180g) and Sariab Surkh (175g) were found better in bulb weight. They
also gave good performance regularly with dry bulb yield of 51 and 48 t/ha,
respectively.
Off-season
Onion Production through Sets
The
experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three set sizes of onion;
6-10, 10-14, and 14-18 cm diameter on bulb weight, size and yield in cultivar
Phulkara. The sets were planted in the field on August 28. Bulb yield
significantly increased with increasing set size. Large sets (14-18cm) gave
significantly higher bulb yield (66.7 t/ha) compared to small (36.1 t/ha) or
medium sets (50.0 t/ha).
On
Farm Trial Under SAVERNET-Phase-II
Tomato
Nine
varieties were evaluated at Hafiz Farooq's Farm at Sehala, Islamabad and Kattha
Sugral, Khushab. Punjab Chhuhara (19.5 t/ha), Money Maker (16.8 t/ha), and Pant
Bahar (15.0 t/ha) gave good performance at Islamabad while Money Maker, J-15
and Pusa Ruby with average yield of 27, 21.7 and 20.2 t/ha, respectively proved
best at Khushab.
Pest
Management
Effect
of DC-Tran against Fruit Borer
Spraying
DC-Tran, Karate alone or in combination both in single or two sprays did not
have a significant effect in reducing fruit damage by fruit borer in tomato
variety Money Maker.
Screening
of Pea for Powdery Mildew
Twenty
five pea cultivars received from ICARDA, Syria alongwith one local check (Green
Feast) were screened against powdery mildew under natural infection. Cultivar
DMR-20 was highly resistant while DMR-4 and DMR-7 were resistant against
powdery mildew. Three entries namely 88P050-6-9,88P090-5-21 and 88P890-5-15
were moderately resistant.
Crop
Management
Sequential
Harvests in Radish
For
cultivars, Korean-4, 40-days, Mino Early White Long and Minowase were harvested
after intervals of 45, 55 and 65 days. Korean-4 and 40-days gave highest yield
of 65.7 and 48 t/ha after 55 days while Mino Early White Long and Minowase
proved best yielding 43.3 and 44.7 t/ha when harvested after 65 days.
Seed
Production
Approximately
140 kg good quality seed of eight vegetables was produced at NARC, Islamabad.
This included radish (cv. Korean 4, 3 kg), peas (cv. Novana, 5 kg, cv. Green
Feast, 20 kg); Bottle gourd (cv. local, 20 kg); vegetable marrow (cv. local, 6
kg); muskmelon (cv. Chichawatni, 1.8 kg); long melon (cv. local, 2 kg) and okra
(cv. Parabhani Karanti, 70 kg).
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MUSHROOM
Oyster
Mushroom
Eight
strains, PO.5, SKI, AA, AK, HK, TR, RN and Opt were tried. The strain PO.5 was
the best with maximum radial growth (6.34 cm) followed by RN (5.75 cm), Opt
(5.50 cm) and AK (5.25 cm).
Button
Mushroom
Various
grains, i.e., sorghum, millet, wheat, barley, oat, rice, maize, sunflower,
gram, soybean and rye were evaluated for the mycelial growth. The fungal growth
was significant on the grains of rye with growth of 10.00 cm after 21 days.
Similar response was observed in sorghum (9.16 cm).
Spawn
Preparation
Substrate
of different crops i.e. sorghum, millet, wheat, rice, maize, sunflower and
soybean were evaluated to test the growth of A. bisporus. Substrate of
wheat gave maximum mycelial growth (8.0 cm) after 21 days while lowest fungal
growth (4.0 cm) was observed in millet, maize and soybean.
VEGETABLE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, FAISALABAD
Varietal
Evaluation
Peas
Six
varieties/lines Climax Improved, P.F.400, 04 P978, 03 P978, 02 P978 and 01 P978
were evaluated for green pod yield, Climax Improved and P.F.400 were found high
yielding with 6.3 and 5.8 t/ha green pod, respectively.
Cabbage
Two
varieties/lines were evaluated for head yield. GA was found promising with head
yield 10.7 t/ha.
VEGETABLE
RESEARCH STATION, MIRPURKHAS (SINDH)
Varietal
Evaluation
Tomato
Two
varieties Pusa Rubi Early and Pusa Ruby Late were screened for high yield on
single plant selection basis. Plants having high yield (3.6 and 2.3 kg/plant)
maturing early and late, respectively were selected. The seed was extracted and
stored for the next year.
Turnip
Three
varieties, Red Globe, Purple Top and Local Red were evaluated for earliness and
high yield. Red Globe matured earlier (50 days) and gave highest yield of 29.1
kg/15 m2 followed by purple top (22.4 kg).
Okra
Single
plant selection in okra variety Green Polo was conducted for high yielding and
early maturing character. Plants having high yield (252 g/plant) or maturing
early were selected.
Muskmelon
Three
varieties, Sanghar, Chichawatani and one local variety were evaluated for high
yield. Variety Sanghar matured earlier (67 days) and gave highest fruit yield
(13.8 t/ha).
Crop
Management
Fertilizer
Trial in Turnip and Onion
Maximum
yield of 15.1 kg/15 m2 was recorded where 69 kg N, 36 kg P and 36 kg
K/acre was applied and lowest of 7.7 kg/15m2 was recorded in
control.
Maximum
bulb yield of 17 t/ha was obtained when 46 kg N, 23 kg P and 23 kg K per acre
were applied and lowest of 3.2 t/ha was recorded in control.
Spacing
Trial on Okra
Maximum
pod yield (8.9 t/ha) was recorded where plants were spaced 10 cm apart compared
to control treatment (5.5 t/ha).
AGRICULTURE
RESEARCH STATION, MINGORA (SWAT)
Varietal
Evaluation
Tomato
Eight
varieties/lines were evaluated for high yield performance. Variety 0596-0104
gave maximum yield of 22.7 t/ha followed by Roma-VF (21.5 t/ha).
Peas
Five
varieties/lines were evaluated. Maximum fresh yield (11.7 t/ha) was obtained
from Swat Local followed by 01-978-1.
Chillies
Eight
varieties were evaluated. Variety 1021-96 proved best with high green fruit
yield of 8.61 t/ha compared to local check Swat Local (6.9 t/ha).
Multiple
Cropping
High
return of Rs. 74550/ha was earned in pea plus methi combination followed by pea
plus cauliflower (Rs. 70650).
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OBJECTIVES
- Introduction and evaluation of germplasm of economically important fruit crops
- Standardization of vegetative propagation techniques in commercially important fruit crops
- Standardize package of production technology of important fruit crops
- Standardize effective control methods of major fruit insect pest and diseases
- Develop measures to reduce post-harvest losses in major fruit crops
- Manpower development
RECENT
ACHIEVEMENTS
Litchi
Propagation
of litchi plants is done through layering which is a time consuming and less
efficient method. For rapid multiplication of true to type, disease free
plants, experiment was conducted in green house using rooting hormones. Best
results were obtained with indole butyric acid (IBA) @ 10,000 ppm. Rooting was
74.61%.
Avocado
Experiment
on vegetative propagation through cuttings under mist conditions was conducted
on avocado. IBA and napthelene acetic acid (NAA) were used IBA (5000 ppm)
enhanced callusing. For root formation, GA3 will be used as foliar spray during
next season.
Guava
Vegetative
propagation technique for bulk multiplication of selected guava plants has been
standardized. Two best types one red guava (Hawaiian cultivar) and other white
sweet selection were multiplied through tip cuttings. Over one thousand true to
type plants are ready to be sold to the interested growers during spring 1999.
Self
rooted true to type guava plants were planted under field conditions for
evaluation. After two years growth, maximum height was 10.6 feet with 121 fruits
per plant.
Pear
In
a fruit evaluation trial on five exotic and three local cultivars of pear
cultivar Leconte gave better production whereas cultivars Dr. Julius was
outstanding in fruit quality and early maturity.
Citrus
Studies
were conducted on physio chemical analysis and processing of four spanish sweet
citrus cultivars. On the basis of fruit quality and earliness the cultivar
Sulistina was found promising. Squash quality of this cultivar was also
excellent.
Peach
In
a trial to observe the storability of peach fruit for prolonged market
availability, mature fruit of four peach cultivars, were stored at 0°
, 6° , 10° and 21° C. The cultivar Florda King was found stable uptill 8 weeks
at 6° C.
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DISSEMINATION
OF FRUIT PLANTS
Plants
of selected fruit varieties (olive, peach, guava, loquat, grapes and citrus
etc.) were sold to the interested growers at approved rates worth Rs. 48,885
during the report year.
PRESENT
PROJECTS / ACTIVITIES
1.
Evaulation of grape varieties under Islamabad conditions
2.
Performance of low chilling apple varietiess on dwarf Vs standard rootstock.
3.
Evaluation of seven peach and three nectarine varieties under Islamabad
conditions.
4.
Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L) germplasm under Islamabad conditions.
5.
Effect of timing of NPK fertilizer application on the growth and yield of
citurs (cv. Salustiana).
6.
Performance of ten guava selection in relation to fruit colour and variability.
7.
Evaluation of exotic peach and nectarine germplasm under agro climatical
condition of Islamabad.
8.
Effect of growth regualtors and seasonal variation on rooting in Litchi (Litchi
chinensis) cuttings.
9.
Propagation of Avocado (Persea americana Mill) cv. "Fuerte" through
cuttings with the use of growth regulators in
greenhouse under mist.
10
Effect of temperature and chemical treatments on seed germination of wild olive
(Olea cuspidate wall)
11.
In vitro establishment, regeneration and gene transfer studies in commercial
cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L).
12.
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth and fruiting in grapes King’s Ruby and
Flame seedless.
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TECHNOLOGY
GENERATED / RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS TO-DATE
Germplasm
Evaluation
Following
Fruit Varieties Were Identified For Islamabad And Adjoining Pothwar Areas:
Mandarin
Feutrell's Early
Oranges
Blood Red, Musambi,
Sukri, Salustiana
Lemons
Eureka Lemon,
Chinees Lemon
Lime
Sweet
Lime
Peach
Florda
King, Early Grand, Florda Prince, Maravilha
Grapes
Flame
Seedless, King' Ruby
Apple
Anna,
En-Schimmer, Dorset Gold
Plum
Santa
Rosa, Beauty, Ozark Gold
Strawberry
Toro, Chandler, Cruz
Pear
Dr. Julius, Narc-1
Olive
Uslu,Gemlik, Nucella Del Belice, Biancolilla, Pendolino, Leccino
Propagation
Studies:
Guava
Propagated
through shoot tip cuttings using 3000 ppm Indole Butaric Acid (IBA) under mist
(65% rooting success)
Peach
Propagated
through semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings using Indole Butaric Acid (IBA) @
3000 ppm under mist. (90% rooting success).
Olive
Propagated
through softwood/tip cutting using 3000 ppm Indole Butaric Acid (IBA) under
mist (85% rooting success)
Top-working
technique of cultivated varieties on old tree was standardized to change the
unproductive variety with cultivar having desirable characteristics.
Orchard
Management Studies
- Pruning was found effective for improving yield and fruit quality in peach, nectarine and apple
- Application of GA3 @ 10-20 ppm improved yield and berry size in grapes
- Use of low plastic tunnel resulted in earliness by 10-15 days in strawberry
- Full dose of nitrogen and potassium (100 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha) before transplanting gave maximum fruit yield of 116 gram per plant in strawberry
- Strawberry runners produced at higher altitudes gave higher yield and quality
- Side furrow irrigation system in peach was effective to control the root rot problem caused by phytophthora sp.
- Spray of systemic insectide like dimecron @ 2 ml per litre of water at bud swelling stage was found effective in controlling peach leaf curl caused by green aphid
- Dormant spray of fungicide dithane m-45 gave effective control of apple scab
Resource Person:
|
Mr.
M.Hashim Laghari
|
Director
|
Scientific
Staff
Publications
PARC Toll Free
+92-51-0800-84420
+92-51-0800-84420
ASSOCIATION OF FORMER PARC SCIENTISTS (AFPS)
 |
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